---
title: Then the Tsarévich leapt down, put his ear to the grey earth, and sa… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the Tsarévich leapt down, put his ear to the grey earth, and said, “I hear the talk of people and the thunder of horses’ hooves faster than before.” Who acts: Tsarévich, I, people, hooves. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30, with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 30, sentence 122

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Then the Tsarévich leapt down, put his ear to the grey earth, and said, “I hear the talk of people and the thunder of horses’ hooves faster than before.”

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**Who acts:** Tsarévich, I, people, hooves · **What happens:** leapt down, put, say, hear, talk, thunder · **To what, where:** ear, talk · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 30. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Tsarévich, I, people, hooves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:30:122
# text = Then the Tsarévich leapt down, put his ear to the grey earth, and said, “I hear the talk of people and the thunder of horses’ hooves faster than before.”
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	leapt	leapt	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	down	down	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	ccomp	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	talk	talk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	’	's	PART	POS	_	29	case	_	_
31	hooves	hoove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	_
32	faster	fast	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	20	advmod	_	_
33	than	than	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	before	before	ADV	RB	_	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leapt down** | infinitive | the Tsarévich |  |  |  | then |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **put** | infinitive | the Tsarévich *not said here* | Tsarévich's ear |  |  |  | to the grey earth | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent ear=Goal |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **hear** *in a quote* | present | I | the talk of people and the thunder of horses's hooves |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer talk=Stimulus |
| 5 | **talk** *in a quote* |  | people and the thunder of horses's hooves |  |  |  |  |  | nom talk «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
| 6 | **thunder** *in a quote* |  | horses's hooves |  |  |  |  |  | nom thunder «event intransitive»: of=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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