---
title: I learned my letters with you in the same school, and now you are se… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: I learned my letters with you in the same school, and now you are setting your horse on me, who am only a beggar, as though I were an enemy, and you do not know that a very great misfortune has befallen the city of Kíev. Who acts: I, you, my. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Op
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 111

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I learned my letters with you in the same school, and now you are setting your horse on me, who am only a beggar, as though I were an enemy, and you do not know that a very great misfortune has befallen the city of Kíev.

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**Who acts:** I, you, my · **What happens:** learn, set, be, not know, befall, letter · **To what, where:** letters, same school, horse, beggar, enemy, great misfortune · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, you, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:31:111
# text = I learned my letters with you in the same school, and now you are setting your horse on me, who am only a beggar, as though I were an enemy, and you do not know that a very great misfortune has befallen the city of Kíev.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
13	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	setting	set	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
17	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
23	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	only	only	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	beggar	beggar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
28	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
29	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
30	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	33	nsubj	_	_
31	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	cop	_	_
32	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
36	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
37	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	39	aux	_	_
38	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
39	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
40	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	46	mark	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
42	very	very	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	misfortune	misfortune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	nsubj:pass	_	_
45	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	46	aux	_	_
46	befallen	befall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	ccomp	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	obj	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	Kíev	Kíev	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | I | my letters |  | the same school |  | with you | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent letter=Topic |
| 2 | **set** | present · progressive | you | your horse |  |  | now | on me | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent horse=Theme on i=Destination |
| 3 | **is a** | present |  | a beggar |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | past | I | a enemy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 6 | **befall** | present · perfect · passive |  | a great misfortune |  |  |  | the city of Kíev *obj* | tree rules |
| 7 | **letter** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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