---
title: Well, there was no help for it, and the Bull had to let Piggy in. — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Well, there was no help for it, and the Bull had to let Piggy in. Who acts: help, Bull. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 23

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Well, there was no help for it, and the Bull had to let Piggy in.

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**Who acts:** help, Bull · **What happens:** be, have, let in · **To what, where:** Piggy

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (help, Bull), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:31:23
# text = Well, there was no help for it, and the Bull had to let Piggy in.
1	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	advcl	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Bull	bull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	xcomp	_	_
16	Piggy	piggy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no help for snout |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | the Bull |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **let in** | to-infinitive | the Bull *not said here* | Piggy |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piggy=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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