---
title: Now the Fox heard the Cock singing merry songs, and thought he would… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Now the Fox heard the Cock singing merry songs, and thought he would like to make such a dainty acquaintance, only he did not know how to. Who acts: Fox, Cock. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 32

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Now the Fox heard the Cock singing merry songs, and thought he would like to make such a dainty acquaintance, only he did not know how to.

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**Who acts:** Fox, Cock · **What happens:** hear, sing, think, like, make, not know · **To what, where:** Cock, merry songs, dainty acquaintance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Fox, Cock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:31:32
# text = Now the Fox heard the Cock singing merry songs, and thought he would like to make such a dainty acquaintance, only he did not know how to.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Fox	fox	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	Cock	cock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
8	merry	merry	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	like	like	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	_
18	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	21	det:predet	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	dainty	dainty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	acquaintance	acquaintance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
23	only	only	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
25	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	27	advmod	_	_
27	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
28	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	29	advmod	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | the Fox | the Cock |  |  | now |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer cock=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | the Fox *not said here* | merry songs |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | past | the Fox *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **like** | would | Cock |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Cock *not said here* | such dainty acquaintance |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset acquaintance=Product |
| 6 | **not** **know** | past · do-support | Cock |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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