---
title: Those robbers saw Ilyá Múromets, and were envious in their robber-li… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Those robbers saw Ilyá Múromets, and were envious in their robber-like hearts for his knightly horse, and began to speak amongst themselves how they might take that horse; for steeds so fine were not seen in those parts, and now some unknown man was passing by on one. Who acts: robbers, woods, unkno
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 61

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Those robbers saw Ilyá Múromets, and were envious in their robber-like hearts for his knightly horse, and began to speak amongst themselves how they might take that horse; for steeds so fine were not seen in those parts, and now some unknown man was passing by on one.

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**Who acts:** robbers, woods, unknown man · **What happens:** see, be, begin, speak, take, not see · **To what, where:** Ilyá, like hearts, horse, steeds, parts · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (robbers, woods, unknown man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:31:61
# text = Those robbers saw Ilyá Múromets, and were envious in their robber-like hearts for his knightly horse, and began to speak amongst themselves how they might take that horse; for steeds so fine were not seen in those parts, and now some unknown man was passing by on one.
1	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	robbers	robber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Ilyá	Ilyá	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	Múromets	Múromet	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	envious	envious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
12	robber	robber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
18	knightly	knightly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	_
25	amongst	amongst	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	24	obl	_	_
27	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	30	advmod	_	_
28	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
29	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	advcl	_	_
31	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	det	_	_
32	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	for	for	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	steeds	steed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nsubj:pass	_	_
36	so	so	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
38	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
39	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	40	advmod	_	_
40	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	parataxis	_	_
41	in	in	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	43	det	_	_
43	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
46	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	51	advmod	_	_
47	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	49	det	_	_
48	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	49	amod	_	_
49	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	nsubj	_	_
50	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	51	aux	_	_
51	passing	pass	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
52	by	by	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
53	on	on	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	51	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | that robbers | Ilyá |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer ilyá=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | that robbers *not said here* |  |  | woods's like hearts for Ilyá's knightly horse |  | envious *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **begin** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | amongst woods *= wood* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **take** | might | woods *= wood* |  | that horse |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument horse=Destination |
| 6 | **not** **see** | past · passive |  | steeds |  | that parts |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |
| 7 | **pass** | past · progressive | some unknown man |  |  |  | now | by one | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by one=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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