---
title: Then Ilyá Múromets began to lay low the Saracen host with his lance… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Ilyá Múromets began to lay low the Saracen host with his lance of steel, and he routed all of the pagan host and took the Tsarévich of the Saracens captive and led him into the city of Chernígov. Who acts: Ilyá Múromets, host. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 72

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Then Ilyá Múromets began to lay low the Saracen host with his lance of steel, and he routed all of the pagan host and took the Tsarévich of the Saracens captive and led him into the city of Chernígov.

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**Who acts:** Ilyá Múromets, host · **What happens:** begin, lay, rout, take, lead · **To what, where:** Saracen host, all, Tsarévich, host, city

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ilyá Múromets, host), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:31:72
# text = Then Ilyá Múromets began to lay low the Saracen host with his lance of steel, and he routed all of the pagan host and took the Tsarévich of the Saracens captive and led him into the city of Chernígov.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	4	advmod	_	_
2	Ilyá	Ilyá	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	Múromets	Múromet	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Saracen	Saracen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	lance	lance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	routed	rout	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
23	pagan	pagan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	Saracens	saracen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nmod	_	_
32	captive	captive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	xcomp	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	led	lead	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
35	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	obj	_	_
36	into	into	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	_
39	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	Chernígov	Chernígov	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	38	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | Ilyá Múromets |  |  |  | then |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **lay** | to-infinitive | Ilyá Múromets *not said here* | the Saracen host |  |  |  | with host's lance of steel; low *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent host=Result |
| 3 | **rout** | past | host | all of the pagan host |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **take** | past | host *not said here* |  | the Tsarévich of the Saracens |  |  | captive *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument tsarévich=Destination |
| 5 | **lead** | past | host *not said here* | host |  | the city of Chernígov |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent he=Theme into city=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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