---
title: But the valorous heart of Ilyá was not afraid, and before ever he ha… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But the valorous heart of Ilyá was not afraid, and before ever he had advanced ten versts more the Nightingale Robber whistled more terribly than before, and the horse of Ilyá Múromets stumbled at the sound. Who acts: valorous heart, Ilyá, Nightingale Robber. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 79

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But the valorous heart of Ilyá was not afraid, and before ever he had advanced ten versts more the Nightingale Robber whistled more terribly than before, and the horse of Ilyá Múromets stumbled at the sound.

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**Who acts:** valorous heart, Ilyá, Nightingale Robber · **What happens:** not be, advance, whistle, stumble · **To what, where:** more, horse, sound

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (valorous heart, Ilyá, Nightingale Robber), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:31:79
# text = But the valorous heart of Ilyá was not afraid, and before ever he had advanced ten versts more the Nightingale Robber whistled more terribly than before, and the horse of Ilyá Múromets stumbled at the sound.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	valorous	valorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ilyá	Ilyá	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
12	before	before	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	16	obl	_	_
14	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	advanced	advance	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	parataxis	_	_
17	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	versts	verst	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	16	obj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	Nightingale	Nightingale	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	Robber	Robber	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	whistled	whistle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
24	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	25	advmod	_	_
25	terribly	terribly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
26	than	than	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	before	before	ADV	RB	_	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
33	Ilyá	Ilyá	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	Múromets	Múromet	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	31	nmod	_	_
35	stumbled	stumble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	conj	_	_
36	at	at	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | the valorous heart of Ilyá |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **advance** | past · perfect | Ilyá | more  ten versts |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer more=Patient |
| 3 | **whistle** | past | the Nightingale Robber |  |  |  |  | terribly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stumble** | participle · passive |  | the horse of Ilyá Múromets |  | the sound |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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