---
title: But the elder sister looked out and cried bitterly: “That is not our… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But the elder sister looked out and cried bitterly: “That is not our father; some unknown man is coming along and is dragging our father after him.” Who acts: elder sister, That, unknown man. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31, with its dependency tree and the pr
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 86

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But the elder sister looked out and cried bitterly: “That is not our father; some unknown man is coming along and is dragging our father after him.”

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**Who acts:** elder sister, That, unknown man · **What happens:** look out, cry, not be, come along, drag · **To what, where:** father · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (elder sister, That, unknown man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:31:86
# text = But the elder sister looked out and cried bitterly: “That is not our father; some unknown man is coming along and is dragging our father after him.”
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	elder	elder	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
11	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	16	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	16	advmod	_	_
15	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
19	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	coming	come	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
23	along	along	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	dragging	drag	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	conj	_	_
27	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	after	after	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look out** | past | the elder sister |  |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | the elder sister *not said here* |  |  |  |  | bitterly *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is a** *in a quote* | present | That | our father |  |  |  | our *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 4 | **come along** *in a quote* | present · progressive | some unknown man |  |  |  |  | along *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **drag** *in a quote* | present · progressive | some unknown man *not said here* | our father |  |  | after man |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent father=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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