---
title: They had good horses, sharp lances, and they wished to hoist Ilyá al… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: They had good horses, sharp lances, and they wished to hoist Ilyá aloft on their lances. Who acts: husbands. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 89

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They had good horses, sharp lances, and they wished to hoist Ilyá aloft on their lances.

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**Who acts:** husbands · **What happens:** have, wish, hoist · **To what, where:** good horses, Ilyá, lances

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (husbands), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:31:89
# text = They had good horses, sharp lances, and they wished to hoist Ilyá aloft on their lances.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	lances	lance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	wished	wish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	hoist	hoist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
14	Ilyá	Ilyá	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	aloft	aloft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	lances	lance	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | husbands *= husband* | good horses and sharp lances |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent horse=Patient |
| 2 | **wish** | past | husbands *= husband* |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 3 | **hoist** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | husbands *= husband* *not said here* | Ilyá |  | husbands's lances |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent ilyá=Theme on lance=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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