---
title: The eldest daughter raised an iron storm-board of chains for him to… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The eldest daughter raised an iron storm-board of chains for him to stumble against; but Ilyá saw her on the gates, struck at her with his lance, and he smote her to death. Who acts: eldest daughter, Ilyá. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31, with its dependency t
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 31, sentence 92

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The eldest daughter raised an iron storm-board of chains for him to stumble against; but Ilyá saw her on the gates, struck at her with his lance, and he smote her to death.

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**Who acts:** eldest daughter, Ilyá · **What happens:** raise, stumble, see, strike, smite · **To what, where:** iron storm board, Mikháylo, gates

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 31. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eldest daughter, Ilyá), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:31:92
# text = The eldest daughter raised an iron storm-board of chains for him to stumble against; but Ilyá saw her on the gates, struck at her with his lance, and he smote her to death.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	eldest	eld	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	amod	_	_
3	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	raised	raise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
6	iron	iron	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
7	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	chains	chain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
12	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	stumble	stumble	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
16	against	against	ADP	IN	_	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
18	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	Ilyá	Ilyá	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
21	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	struck	strike	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
27	at	at	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	_
29	with	with	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	lance	lance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
36	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	to	to	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | past | the eldest daughter | a iron storm board of chains |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent board=Theme |
| 2 | **stumble** | to-infinitive | Ilyá |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **see** | past | Ilyá | Mikháylo |  | the gates |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus |
| 4 | **strike** | participle |  | the gates *not said here* |  |  |  | at Mikháylo; with Ilyá's lance | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP PP»: agent=Agent at she=Patient with lance=Instrument |
| 5 | **smite** | past | Ilyá | Mikháylo |  |  |  | to death *result* | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent she=Patient to death=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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