---
title: And then the sister was left all alone once more; when her brothers… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And then the sister was left all alone once more; when her brothers came home, she said: “Brothers, we lack nothing save three things.” Who acts: brothers, hag, we. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 32, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 32, sentence 79

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And then the sister was left all alone once more; when her brothers came home, she said: “Brothers, we lack nothing save three things.”

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**Who acts:** brothers, hag, we · **What happens:** leave, come, say, lack, save · **To what, where:** sister, Brothers, nothing, three things · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 32. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (brothers, hag, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:32:79
# text = And then the sister was left all alone once more; when her brothers came home, she said: “Brothers, we lack nothing save three things.”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	all	all	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	10	advmod	_	_
10	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
12	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
13	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
15	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
16	home	home	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
21	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	Brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	lack	lack	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	ccomp	_	_
26	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	25	obj	_	_
27	save	save	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	_
28	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	29	nummod	_	_
29	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · passive |  | the sister |  |  | then | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | hag's brothers |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | hag | Brothers |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **lack** *in a quote* | present | we | nothing |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **save** *in a quote* | present | we *not said here* | three things |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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