---
title: And lo and behold, on the water there were twelve ducks and one drak… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And lo and behold, on the water there were twelve ducks and one drake swimming; one feather was of gold and one feather was of silver, and the drake had a diamond tuft on his forehead. Who acts: twelve ducks, one feather, gold, drake. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, p
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 33, sentence 61

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And lo and behold, on the water there were twelve ducks and one drake swimming; one feather was of gold and one feather was of silver, and the drake had a diamond tuft on his forehead.

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**Who acts:** twelve ducks, one feather, gold, drake · **What happens:** be, have · **To what, where:** water, diamond tuft, forehead

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 33. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (twelve ducks, one feather, gold, drake), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:33:61
# text = And lo and behold, on the water there were twelve ducks and one drake swimming; one feather was of gold and one feather was of silver, and the drake had a diamond tuft on his forehead.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	2	cc	_	_
2	lo	lo	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	33	advcl	_	_
11	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	12	nummod	_	_
12	ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
14	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
15	drake	drake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	swimming	swimming	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	19	nummod	_	_
19	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	25	nummod	_	_
25	feather	feather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
26	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	cop	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	drake	drake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	diamond	diamond	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	tuft	tuft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
37	on	on	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	forehead	forehead	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	33	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | twelve ducks and one drake swimming |  |  | the water; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on water=Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | one feather |  |  |  |  | of gold and one feather | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | past | gold and one feather |  |  |  |  | of silver | tree rules |
| 4 | **have** | past | the drake | a diamond tuft |  | drake's forehead |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tuft=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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