---
title: In a certain kingdom, in a certain State, there once lived a rich pe… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: In a certain kingdom, in a certain State, there once lived a rich peasant, and he had much money and bread; he used to lend money on interest to the poor husbandmen of his village. Who acts: peasant. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34, with its dependency tree an
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 34, sentence 127

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In a certain kingdom, in a certain State, there once lived a rich peasant, and he had much money and bread; he used to lend money on interest to the poor husbandmen of his village.

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**Who acts:** peasant · **What happens:** live, have, use, lend · **To what, where:** rich peasant, certain kingdom, much money, money, poor husbandmen, interest

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peasant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:34:127
# text = In a certain kingdom, in a certain State, there once lived a rich peasant, and he had much money and bread; he used to lend money on interest to the poor husbandmen of his village.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	State	State	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	12	advmod	_	_
12	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	13	advmod	_	_
13	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
21	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	lend	lend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	xcomp	_	_
30	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	on	on	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	husbandmen	husbandman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | past |  | a rich peasant |  | a certain kingdom; there |  | once *property* | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme peasant=Location |
| 2 | **have** | past | peasant | much money and bread |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |
| 3 | **use** | past | peasant |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **lend** | to-infinitive | peasant *not said here* | money | the poor husbandmen of peasant's village | interest |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent money=Theme to husbandman=Recipient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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