---
title: The Cossack stabled his horse, went into the palace, and began looki… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The Cossack stabled his horse, went into the palace, and began looking at the rooms: there were looking-glasses all about, silver and velvet, but never a soul of a man to be seen. Who acts: Cossack. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 34, sentence 65

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The Cossack stabled his horse, went into the palace, and began looking at the rooms: there were looking-glasses all about, silver and velvet, but never a soul of a man to be seen.

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**Who acts:** Cossack · **What happens:** stable, go, begin, look, be, see · **To what, where:** horse, palace, glasses, soul

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 34. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cossack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:34:65
# text = The Cossack stabled his horse, went into the palace, and began looking at the rooms: there were looking-glasses all about, silver and velvet, but never a soul of a man to be seen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Cossack	cossack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	stabled	stable	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	xcomp	_	_
15	at	at	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	rooms	room	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
19	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	20	expl	_	_
20	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	looking	look	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	20	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obl	_	_
24	all	all	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	about	about	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	conj	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	velvet	velvet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
32	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	34	advmod	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
38	to	to	PART	TO	_	40	mark	_	_
39	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stable** | past | the Cossack |  | Cossack's horse |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V ADVP»: agent=Theme horse=Destination |
| 2 | **go** | past | the Cossack *not said here* |  |  | the palace |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into palace=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **begin** | past | the Cossack *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **look** | gerund | the Cossack *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the rooms | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at room=Theme |
| 5 | **be** | past | the Cossack *not said here* |  |  | there |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **look** | gerund | the Cossack *not said here* | glasses and silver and velvet |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 7 | **see** | to-infinitive · passive |  | a soul of a man |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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