---
title: “Well, be of good cheer,” said the old man; “go to the rich peasant… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Well, be of good cheer,” said the old man; “go to the rich peasant and ask whatever you require of him as a debt.” Who acts: good cheer, you. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 35, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 35, sentence 17

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“Well, be of good cheer,” said the old man; “go to the rich peasant and ask whatever you require of him as a debt.”

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**Who acts:** good cheer, you · **What happens:** be, say, go, ask, require · **To what, where:** whatever · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 35. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (good cheer, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:35:17
# text = “Well, be of good cheer,” said the old man; “go to the rich peasant and ask whatever you require of him as a debt.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Well	well	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	cheer	cheer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	ccomp	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
23	whatever	whatever	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	obj	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	require	require	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obl	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | of good cheer | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | good cheer |  |  |  |  | the old man *nsubj* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to the rich peasant | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to peasant=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **ask** *speech: ask* *in a quote* | infinitive |  | whatever |  |  |  | as a debt | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent whatever=Recipient |
| 5 | **require** *in a quote* | present | you |  |  |  |  | of man | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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