---
title: “Did I hear anything?” said the wise woman; “it must have been the l… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Did I hear anything?” said the wise woman; “it must have been the leaves rustling.” Who acts: wise woman, flesh, leaves. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 147

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“Did I hear anything?” said the wise woman; “it must have been the leaves rustling.”

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**Who acts:** wise woman, flesh, leaves · **What happens:** hear, say, be, rustle · **To what, where:** anything, leaves · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wise woman, flesh, leaves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:36:147
# text = “Did I hear anything?” said the wise woman; “it must have been the leaves rustling.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
5	anything	anything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
15	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	aux	_	_
17	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	19	cop	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nsubj	_	_
20	rustling	rustle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** *in a quote* | past · do-support | the wise woman *= woman* | anything |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer anything=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | the wise woman |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** *in a quote* | must · perfect | flesh | the leaves |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **rustle** *in a quote* | gerund | the leaves |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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