---
title: And gaffer said: “I dreamed last night the geese and swans were waft… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: And gaffer said: “I dreamed last night the geese and swans were wafting our little Iván home.” Who acts: gaffer, geese. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 172

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And gaffer said: “I dreamed last night the geese and swans were wafting our little Iván home.”

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**Who acts:** gaffer, geese · **What happens:** say, dream, waft · **To what, where:** little Iván home · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gaffer, geese), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:36:172
# text = And gaffer said: “I dreamed last night the geese and swans were wafting our little Iván home.”
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	gaffer	gaffer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	dreamed	dream	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	geese	goose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	swans	swan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	wafting	waft	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	_
16	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
17	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
18	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | gaffer |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **dream** *in a quote* | past | gaffer |  |  |  | night |  | vn cognize-85 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **waft** *in a quote* | past · progressive | the geese and swans | our little Iván home |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location home=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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