---
title: She had finished the pancake by now, and said: “Now, gaffer, we’ll s… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: She had finished the pancake by now, and said: “Now, gaffer, we’ll share it, this bit for you, this bit for me!” Who acts: gaffer. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 173

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She had finished the pancake by now, and said: “Now, gaffer, we’ll share it, this bit for you, this bit for me!”

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**Who acts:** gaffer · **What happens:** finish, say, share · **To what, where:** pancake · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gaffer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:36:173
# text = She had finished the pancake by now, and said: “Now, gaffer, we’ll share it, this bit for you, this bit for me!”
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	finished	finish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	pancake	pancake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
12	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	gaffer	gaffer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
17	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	’ll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	share	share	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	ccomp	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
28	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
29	for	for	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finish** | past · perfect | gaffer | the pancake |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector pancake=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **share** *in a quote* | future | gaffer | pancake |  |  | now | this bit for you *obl*; this bit for me *obl*; we *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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