---
title: He went into his courtyard, cut two oak wedges, took a new wheel, an… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He went into his courtyard, cut two oak wedges, took a new wheel, and knocked one wedge from one end into the axle. Who acts: Sorrow. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 36, sentence 83

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He went into his courtyard, cut two oak wedges, took a new wheel, and knocked one wedge from one end into the axle.

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**Who acts:** Sorrow · **What happens:** go, cut, take, knock · **To what, where:** courtyard, two oak wedges, new wheel, one wedge, one end

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 36. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sorrow), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:36:83
# text = He went into his courtyard, cut two oak wedges, took a new wheel, and knocked one wedge from one end into the axle.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	cut	cut	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
9	oak	oak	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	wedges	wedge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	wheel	wheel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	knocked	knock	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
19	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	wedge	wedge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	into	into	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	axle	axle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Sorrow |  |  | Sorrow's courtyard |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into courtyard=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **cut** | infinitive |  | two oak wedges |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wedge=Product |
| 3 | **take** | past |  | a new wheel |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme |
| 4 | **knock** | past |  | one wedge |  |  | from one end | into the axle | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent wedge=Theme from end=Initial\_Location into axle=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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