---
title: “What a fool I have been!” said the soldier: “I have not done any se… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “What a fool I have been!” said the soldier: “I have not done any service, no work, and I now have the money!” Who acts: fool. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 37, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 37, sentence 13

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“What a fool I have been!” said the soldier: “I have not done any service, no work, and I now have the money!”

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**Who acts:** fool · **What happens:** fool, say, not do, have · **To what, where:** soldier, service, money · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 37. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fool), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:37:13
# text = “What a fool I have been!” said the soldier: “I have not done any service, no work, and I now have the money!”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	4	det	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fool	fool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
7	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	_
19	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	20	det	_	_
20	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	23	det	_	_
23	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	28	advmod	_	_
28	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fool** *in a quote* | present | what fool *= fool* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | what fool | the soldier |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **do** *in a quote* | present · perfect | what fool *= fool* | any service and no work |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent service=Eventuality |
| 4 | **have** *in a quote* | present | what fool *= fool* | the money |  |  | now |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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