---
title: “Oh no, please, grandfather,” said the grandson, “I have lost the so… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Oh no, please, grandfather,” said the grandson, “I have lost the soldier’s soul, but I have gained two others.” Who acts: grandfather. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 37, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 37, sentence 61

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“Oh no, please, grandfather,” said the grandson, “I have lost the soldier’s soul, but I have gained two others.”

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**Who acts:** grandfather · **What happens:** say, lose, gain · **To what, where:** grandson, soul, two others · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 37. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (grandfather), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:37:63
# text = “Oh no, please, grandfather,” said the grandson, “I have lost the soldier’s soul, but I have gained two others.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	_
3	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
5	please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	grandfather	grandfather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
10	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	grandson	grandson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	ccomp	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	soldier	soldier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	’s	's	PART	POS	_	19	case	_	_
21	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	gained	gain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	parataxis	_	_
27	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | grandfather | the grandson |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** *in a quote* | present · perfect | grandfather | the soldier's soul |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soul=Eventuality |
| 3 | **gain** *in a quote* | present · perfect | grandfather | two others |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent other=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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