---
title: “I could not make out why you stopped to listen to folk-songs and pa… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “I could not make out why you stopped to listen to folk-songs and passed by the house where hymns were being sung.” Who acts: Saviour, you. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 37, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 37, sentence 98

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“I could not make out why you stopped to listen to folk-songs and passed by the house where hymns were being sung.”

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**Who acts:** Saviour, you · **What happens:** not make out, stop, listen, pass, sing · **To what, where:** hymns

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 37. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saviour, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:37:100
# text = “I could not make out why you stopped to listen to folk-songs and passed by the house where hymns were being sung.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	out	out	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	listen	listen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	passed	pass	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	25	advmod	_	_
22	hymns	hymn	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
24	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make out** *in a quote* | could | the Saviour *= saviour* |  |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **stop** *in a quote* | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **listen** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to folk songs | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to song=Theme |
| 4 | **pass** *in a quote* | participle | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by the house | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme by house=Location |
| 5 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | past · passive |  | hymns |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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