---
title: Iván Tsarévich had to leap behind the carriage, and knew very well t… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Iván Tsarévich had to leap behind the carriage, and knew very well that he had made a mistake, but it could not be cured. Who acts: Iván. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 38, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 38, sentence 106

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Iván Tsarévich had to leap behind the carriage, and knew very well that he had made a mistake, but it could not be cured.

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**Who acts:** Iván · **What happens:** have, leap, know, make, not cure · **To what, where:** carriage, mistake · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:38:107
# text = Iván Tsarévich had to leap behind the carriage, and knew very well that he had made a mistake, but it could not be cured.
1	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Tsarévich	Tsarévich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	leap	leap	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	carriage	carriage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	very	very	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
13	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	11	advmod	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
16	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
21	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
24	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
25	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	cured	cure	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Iván |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leap** | to-infinitive | Iván *not said here* |  |  | the carriage |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind carriage=Trajectory |
| 3 | **know** | past |  |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **make** | past · perfect | Iván | a mistake |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Product |
| 5 | **not** **cure** | could · passive |  | mistake |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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