---
title: He said to Katomá: “Katomá, Oaken-cap, it is so melancholy living by… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He said to Katomá: “Katomá, Oaken-cap, it is so melancholy living by oneself; I want to marry.” Who acts: Iván, cap, melancholy. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 38, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 38, sentence 8

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He said to Katomá: “Katomá, Oaken-cap, it is so melancholy living by oneself; I want to marry.”

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**Who acts:** Iván, cap, melancholy · **What happens:** say, be, live, want, marry · **To what, where:** Katomá, melancholy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 38. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, cap, melancholy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:38:8
# text = He said to Katomá: “Katomá, Oaken-cap, it is so melancholy living by oneself; I want to marry.”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Katomá	Katomá	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	Katomá	Katomá	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	Oaken	oaken	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	cap	cap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	so	so	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	melancholy	melancholy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
17	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	acl	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	oneself	oneself	PRON	PRP	PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	want	want	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	24	mark	_	_
24	marry	marry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Iván |  | Katomá |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to katomá=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | cap | melancholy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **live** *in a quote* | gerund | melancholy *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by oneself | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by oneself=Location |
| 4 | **want** *in a quote* | present | Iván |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 5 | **marry** *not said to happen, in a quote* | to-infinitive | Iván *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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