---
title: Goryáyev’s dictionary states that the original meaning was a company… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Goryáyev’s dictionary states that the original meaning was a company-commander of the Tatars. Who acts: dictionary states. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 39, sentence 118

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Goryáyev’s dictionary states that the original meaning was a company-commander of the Tatars.

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**Who acts:** dictionary states · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** company commander

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dictionary states), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:39:118
# text = Goryáyev’s dictionary states that the original meaning was a company-commander of the Tatars.
1	Goryáyev	Goryáyev	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	’s	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	states	state	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	meaning	meaning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	commander	commander	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Tatars	Tatar	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Goryáyev's dictionary states | a company commander |  |  |  | of the Tatars; the original meaning *nsubj* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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