---
title: “Sunk in the slime they utter: ‘Loth were we, In sweet air sullen, w… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Sunk in the slime they utter: ‘Loth were we, In sweet air sullen, which the sun makes glad, Our souls besmirched with dull reluctancy: Now in this black morass, our hearts are sad.’” Who acts: attristiam, sun, hearts. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39, with its
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 39, sentence 132

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“Sunk in the slime they utter: ‘Loth were we, In sweet air sullen, which the sun makes glad, Our souls besmirched with dull reluctancy: Now in this black morass, our hearts are sad.’”

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**Who acts:** attristiam, sun, hearts · **What happens:** utter, be, make, besmirch · **To what, where:** Loth, slime, we, glad souls, black morass

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (attristiam, sun, hearts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:39:132
# text = “Sunk in the slime they utter: ‘Loth were we, In sweet air sullen, which the sun makes glad, Our souls besmirched with dull reluctancy: Now in this black morass, our hearts are sad.’”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Sunk	Sunk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	vocative	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	slime	slime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	utter	utter	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
9	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Loth	Loth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	In	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
17	sullen	sullen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
23	glad	glad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	souls	soul	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
27	besmirched	besmirch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl	_	_
28	with	with	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	dull	dull	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	reluctancy	reluctancy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
32	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	41	advmod	_	_
33	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
34	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	36	det	_	_
35	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	morass	morass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
38	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	hearts	heart	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nsubj	_	_
40	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	cop	_	_
41	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	41	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **utter** *speech: other* *in a quote* | present | attristiam | Loth |  | the slime |  | Sunk *vocative* | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent loth=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | past | attristiam *not said here* | we |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **make** *in a quote* | present | the sun | Loth |  |  |  | Our glad souls *obj* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset which=Beneficiary soul=Product |
| 4 | **besmirch** *in a quote* | participle |  | Our glad souls *not said here* |  |  |  | with dull reluctancy | tree rules |
| 5 | **is** *in a quote* | present | our hearts |  |  | this black morass | now | sad *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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