---
title: The _izbá_, or hut, always has a _dvor_ or courtyard, access to whic… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The _izbá_, or hut, always has a _dvor_ or courtyard, access to which is gained through double gates as well as through a postern. Who acts: izbá. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 39, sentence 155

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The \_izbá\_, or hut, always has a \_dvor\_ or courtyard, access to which is gained through double gates as well as through a postern.

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**Who acts:** izbá · **What happens:** have, gain · **To what, where:** dvor, double gates

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (izbá), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:39:155
# text = The _izbá_, or hut, always has a _dvor_ or courtyard, access to which is gained through double gates as well as through a postern.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	izbá	izbá	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	10	advmod	_	_
10	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	dvor	dvor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	13	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	courtyard	courtyard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	access	access	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
19	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	22	obl	_	_
21	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
22	gained	gain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl:relcl	_	_
23	through	through	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	double	double	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
26	as	as	ADV	RB	ExtPos=CCONJ	31	cc	_	_
27	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	26	fixed	_	_
28	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	fixed	_	_
29	through	through	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	postern	postern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the izbá or hut | a dvor or courtyard and access |  |  |  | always *property* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dvor=Patient |
| 2 | **gain** | present · passive |  |  |  | double gates |  | to access; a postern *conj* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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