---
title: Outside the _dvor_ against the fence there is a bench (_lávka_), on… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Outside the _dvor_ against the fence there is a bench (_lávka_), on which the family sits in the summer. Who acts: bench, family. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 39, sentence 158

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Outside the \_dvor\_ against the fence there is a bench (\_lávka\_), on which the family sits in the summer.

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**Who acts:** bench, family · **What happens:** be, sit · **To what, where:** dvor

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bench, family), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:39:158
# text = Outside the _dvor_ against the fence there is a bench (_lávka_), on which the family sits in the summer.
1	Outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	dvor	dvor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
10	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bench	bench	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
13	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	lávka	lávka	X	FW	Foreign=Yes	12	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	obl	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	_
23	sits	sit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a bench |  |  | the dvor against the fence; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme outside dvor=Location |
| 2 | **sit** | present | the family |  |  |  | summer | which *obl* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on which=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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