---
title: Iván sighed: “O good man! if only he were here I should not be herdi… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Iván sighed: “O good man! if only he were here I should not be herding cows.” Who acts: Iván, Katomá. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 39, sentence 51

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Iván sighed: “O good man! if only he were here I should not be herding cows.”

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**Who acts:** Iván, Katomá · **What happens:** sigh, be, not herd · **To what, where:** good man, cows

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 39. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Iván, Katomá), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:39:51
# text = Iván sighed: “O good man! if only he were here I should not be herding cows.”
1	Iván	Iván	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sighed	sigh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
4	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	O	o	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
9	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	only	only	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	here	here	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	ccomp	_	_
14	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
15	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	aux	_	_
18	herding	herd	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	parataxis	_	_
19	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sigh** | past | Iván | good man |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | past | Iván |  |  |  |  | here *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **herd** *in a quote* | should · progressive | Katomá | cows |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent cow=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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