---
title: “Look, Danílo,” she said, “do not rend yourself asunder: why are you… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: “Look, Danílo,” she said, “do not rend yourself asunder: why are you crying, Danílo the Unfortunate?” Who acts: woman, you. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 30

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“Look, Danílo,” she said, “do not rend yourself asunder: why are you crying, Danílo the Unfortunate?”

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**Who acts:** woman, you · **What happens:** look, say, not rend, cry · **To what, where:** Danílo, yourself · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:4:30
# text = “Look, Danílo,” she said, “do not rend yourself asunder: why are you crying, Danílo the Unfortunate?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	Danílo	Danílo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	rend	rend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
14	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	13	obj	_	_
15	asunder	asunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	crying	cry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Danílo	Danílo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	Unfortunate	unfortunate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | Danílo |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: ask* | past | woman |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **not** **rend** *in a quote* | infinitive · do-support |  | yourself |  |  |  | asunder *obj* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent yourself=Patient asunder=Result |
| 4 | **cry** *speech: express* *in a quote* | present · progressive | you | Danílo |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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