---
title: But there are to be lions moulded on to the buttons, and there are t… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But there are to be lions moulded on to the buttons, and there are to be shepherds embroidered on to the buttonholes that should have sung and warbled. Who acts: lions, shepherds. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 37

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But there are to be lions moulded on to the buttons, and there are to be shepherds embroidered on to the buttonholes that should have sung and warbled.

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**Who acts:** lions, shepherds · **What happens:** be, mould on, embroider, sing, warble · **To what, where:** lions, shepherds, buttonholes

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lions, shepherds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:4:37
# text = But there are to be lions moulded on to the buttons, and there are to be shepherds embroidered on to the buttonholes that should have sung and warbled.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	3	expl	_	_
3	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	cop	_	_
6	lions	lion	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
7	moulded	mould	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	cop	_	_
18	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
19	embroidered	embroider	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	fixed	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	buttonholes	buttonhole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	aux	_	_
27	sung	sing	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	warbled	warble	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | lions |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | lions |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mould on** | participle |  | lions *not said here* |  |  |  | to the buttons | tree rules |
| 4 | **does** | present | shepherds |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | shepherds |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **embroider** | participle |  | shepherds *not said here* |  | the buttonholes |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent on buttonhole=Destination |
| 7 | **sing** *speech: express* | should · perfect · passive |  | the buttonholes |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 8 | **warble** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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