---
title: Then the old woman, with her patched skirt, said, “Oh, I am now ‘_Bá… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Then the old woman, with her patched skirt, said, “Oh, I am now ‘_Bábushka_’ and your ‘little dove’! Who acts: old woman. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 40

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Then the old woman, with her patched skirt, said, “Oh, I am now ‘\_Bábushka\_’ and your ‘little dove’!

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**Who acts:** old woman · **What happens:** patch, say, be · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old woman), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:4:40
# text = Then the old woman, with her patched skirt, said, “Oh, I am now ‘_Bábushka_’ and your ‘little dove’!
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	11	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	patched	patch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	skirt	skirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
11	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	18	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
19	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	Bábushka	Bábushka	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
26	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	dove	dove	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	21	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **patch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the old woman and woman's patched skirt |  |  |  | then | Bábushka and your little dove *parataxis* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the old woman and woman's patched skirt *= woman* |  |  |  |  | now *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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