---
title: Take hold of him by his beard and beat him until he asks you, ‘Why d… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Take hold of him by his beard and beat him until he asks you, ‘Why do you beat me, Danílo the Unfortunate?’ Who acts: you, sea. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 42

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Take hold of him by his beard and beat him until he asks you, ‘Why do you beat me, Danílo the Unfortunate?’

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**Who acts:** you, sea · **What happens:** take, beat, ask, hold · **To what, where:** hold, sea, you, me

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, sea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:4:42
# text = Take hold of him by his beard and beat him until he asks you, ‘Why do you beat me, Danílo the Unfortunate?’
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nmod	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	beat	beat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	asks	ask	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	Why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	20	advmod	_	_
18	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	parataxis	_	_
21	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Danílo	Danílo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	vocative	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	Unfortunate	unfortunate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | imperative | you *not said here* | hold of sea |  |  |  | by sea's beard | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme |
| 2 | **beat** | infinitive | you *not said here* | sea |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location he=Theme |
| 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | sea |  | you |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent you=Recipient |
| 4 | **beat** | present · do-support | you | me |  |  |  | Danílo *vocative*; the Unfortunate *obl:unmarked* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location i=Theme |
| 5 | **hold** |  |  | sea |  |  |  |  | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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