---
title: They all gave to him; only Danílo the Unfortunate alone said and tho… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: They all gave to him; only Danílo the Unfortunate alone said and thought, “What shall I give him? Who acts: lions, Danílo. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 4, sentence 81

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They all gave to him; only Danílo the Unfortunate alone said and thought, “What shall I give him?

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**Who acts:** lions, Danílo · **What happens:** give, say, think · **To what, where:** Alyósha, DANÍLO · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lions, Danílo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:4:81
# text = They all gave to him; only Danílo the Unfortunate alone said and thought, “What shall I give him?
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	only	only	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	Danílo	Danílo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Unfortunate	Unfortunate	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	_
11	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	20	obj	_	_
18	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
19	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	ccomp	_	_
21	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | lions *= lion* |  | Alyósha |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to he=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Danílo |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **think** *speech: other* | past | Danílo *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **give** *in a quote* | shall | Danílo |  | DANÍLO *= danílo* |  |  | What *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient what=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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