---
title: In Nóvgorod there were one or two churches to St. Elijah of the Drou… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: In Nóvgorod there were one or two churches to St. Elijah of the Drought, and St. Elijah of the Rain, to be consulted as occasion required. Who acts: one churches. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 15

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In Nóvgorod there were one or two churches to St. Elijah of the Drought, and St. Elijah of the Rain, to be consulted as occasion required.

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**Who acts:** one churches · **What happens:** be, consult, require · **To what, where:** Nóvgorod, Elijah, occasion

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one churches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:40:15
# text = In Nóvgorod there were one or two churches to St. Elijah of the Drought, and St. Elijah of the Rain, to be consulted as occasion required.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Nóvgorod	Nóvgorod	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	_
8	churches	church	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:desc	_	_
11	Elijah	Elijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Drought	Drought	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
17	St.	St.	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:desc	_	_
18	Elijah	Elijah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	consulted	consult	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	occasion	occasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
28	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | one churches to Elijah  St. of the Drought |  |  | Nóvgorod; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in nóvgorod=Location |
| 2 | **consult** | to-infinitive · passive |  | Elijah  St. of the Rain |  |  |  | as occasion | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.value»: subject=Theme as occasion=Value |
| 3 | **require** | participle |  | occasion *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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