---
title: _ The hawk is one of the most common references in Russian folk-lore… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: _ The hawk is one of the most common references in Russian folk-lore, and the reference to the clear-eyed hawk is one of the strongest metaphors. Who acts: hawk, reference. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every c
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 18

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\_ The hawk is one of the most common references in Russian folk-lore, and the reference to the clear-eyed hawk is one of the strongest metaphors.

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**Who acts:** hawk, reference · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** one

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hawk, reference), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:40:18
# text = _ The hawk is one of the most common references in Russian folk-lore, and the reference to the clear-eyed hawk is one of the strongest metaphors.
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	5	punct	_	_
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	9	advmod	_	_
9	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	references	reference	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
12	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
13	folk	folk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	lore	lore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	reference	reference	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
20	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
22	clear	clear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	eyed	eyed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	hawk	hawk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
26	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
27	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	strongest	strong	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	31	amod	_	_
31	metaphors	metaphor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the hawk | one |  |  |  | of the common references in Russian folk lore | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the reference to the eyed hawk | one |  |  |  | of the strongest metaphors | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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