---
title: _ A liquid made from various kinds of flour and fermented with sour… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: _ A liquid made from various kinds of flour and fermented with sour milk to which is added malt or yeast. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 75

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\_ A liquid made from various kinds of flour and fermented with sour milk to which is added malt or yeast.

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**What happens:** make, ferment, add · **To what, where:** liquid, various kinds, malt

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:40:75
# text = _ A liquid made from various kinds of flour and fermented with sour milk to which is added malt or yeast.
1	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	4	punct	_	_
2	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	liquid	liquid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	various	various	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	kinds	kind	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	flour	flour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	fermented	ferment	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	sour	sour	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	18	obl	_	_
17	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	added	add	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	malt	malt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	yeast	yeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle · passive |  | a liquid |  | various kinds of flour |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: subject=Product from kind=Material |
| 2 | **ferment** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with sour milk | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | present · passive |  | malt or yeast |  |  |  | to sour milk | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: malt=Patient to which=Co-Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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