---
title: He is a gigantic bird who has been explained on the one hand as a hi… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He is a gigantic bird who has been explained on the one hand as a highway robber who was a great bard, for the Russian _solovéy_ (nightingale) is applied to a minstrel. Who acts: Ilyá, highway robber, great bard. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40, with its depen
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 40, sentence 86

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He is a gigantic bird who has been explained on the one hand as a highway robber who was a great bard, for the Russian \_solovéy\_ (nightingale) is applied to a minstrel.

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**Who acts:** Ilyá, highway robber, great bard · **What happens:** be, explain, apply · **To what, where:** gigantic bird, one hand, great bard, nightingale

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 40. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ilyá, highway robber, great bard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:40:86
# text = He is a gigantic bird who has been explained on the one hand as a highway robber who was a great bard, for the Russian _solovéy_ (nightingale) is applied to a minstrel.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	gigantic	gigantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
7	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	explained	explain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	highway	highway	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	robber	robber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	nsubj	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	cop	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	bard	bard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	Russian	Russian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	conj	_	_
27	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	solovéy	solovéy	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	_	_	PUNCT	NFP	_	34	punct	_	_
30	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	nightingale	nightingale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	31	punct	_	_
33	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	34	aux:pass	_	_
34	applied	apply	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	acl	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	37	det	_	_
37	minstrel	minstrel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ilyá | a gigantic bird |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **explain** *speech: assert* | present · perfect · passive |  | a gigantic bird |  | the one hand |  | as a highway robber | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | past | a highway robber | a great bard |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **be** |  | a highway robber *not said here* |  |  |  |  | solovéy *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **apply** | present · passive | a great bard *not said here* | nightingale |  |  |  | to a minstrel | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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