---
title: The Sea of Khvalýnsk is the Caspian, so called from an ancient peopl… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The Sea of Khvalýnsk is the Caspian, so called from an ancient people (the Khvalísi) of the eleventh and tenth centuries, who lived at the mouth of the Vólga in the Caspian. Who acts: Sea, eleventh. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 41, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 41, sentence 15

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The Sea of Khvalýnsk is the Caspian, so called from an ancient people (the Khvalísi) of the eleventh and tenth centuries, who lived at the mouth of the Vólga in the Caspian.

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**Who acts:** Sea, eleventh · **What happens:** be, call, live · **To what, where:** Caspian, mouth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 41. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sea, eleventh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:41:15
# text = The Sea of Khvalýnsk is the Caspian, so called from an ancient people (the Khvalísi) of the eleventh and tenth centuries, who lived at the mouth of the Vólga in the Caspian.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Khvalýnsk	Khvalýnsk	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Caspian	Caspian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
11	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
15	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Khvalísi	Khvalísi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	17	punct	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	eleventh	eleventh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	tenth	tenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
27	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
28	at	at	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	mouth	mouth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Vólga	Vólga	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	Caspian	Caspian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Sea of Khvalýnsk | the Caspian |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **call** | participle |  | the Caspian *not said here* |  |  |  | from a ancient people of the eleventh and tenth centuries | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from people=Source |
| 3 | **live** | past | the eleventh and tenth centuries |  |  | the mouth of the Vólga in the Caspian |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at mouth=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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