---
title: There are obvious gaps I have not ventured to fill up. — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: There are obvious gaps I have not ventured to fill up. Who acts: obvious gaps, I. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 41, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 41, sentence 189

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There are obvious gaps I have not ventured to fill up.

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**Who acts:** obvious gaps, I · **What happens:** be, not venture, fill up · **To what, where:** obvious gaps

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 41. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (obvious gaps, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:41:190
# text = There are obvious gaps I have not ventured to fill up.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	obvious	obvious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	gaps	gap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	ventured	venture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | obvious gaps |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **venture** | present · perfect | I | obvious gaps *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fill up** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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