---
title: At least two of the heroes of the ballad cycle, Don Ivánovich and Su… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: At least two of the heroes of the ballad cycle, Don Ivánovich and Sukhán Odikhmántevich, are in some aspects direct personifications of the rivers, whilst the river-gods exercise a direct and vital influence over the fortunes of several others, such as Vasíli Buslávich and Dobrýnya Nikítich. Who act
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 41, sentence 19

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At least two of the heroes of the ballad cycle, Don Ivánovich and Sukhán Odikhmántevich, are in some aspects direct personifications of the rivers, whilst the river-gods exercise a direct and vital influence over the fortunes of several others, such as Vasíli Buslávich and Dobrýnya Nikítich.

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**Who acts:** river gods · **What happens:** be, exercise · **To what, where:** two aspects, direct influence, fortunes, direct personifications

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 41. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (river gods), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:41:19
# text = At least two of the heroes of the ballad cycle, Don Ivánovich and Sukhán Odikhmántevich, are in some aspects direct personifications of the rivers, whilst the river-gods exercise a direct and vital influence over the fortunes of several others, such as Vasíli Buslávich and Dobrýnya Nikítich.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	least	least	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	3	nmod	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	21	nummod	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	heroes	hero	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	ballad	ballad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	Don	Don	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
13	Ivánovich	Ivánovich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	flat	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	Sukhán	Sukhán	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
16	Odikhmántevich	Odikhmántevich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
18	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	21	det	_	_
21	aspects	aspect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
22	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	personifications	personification	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
28	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
30	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj	_	_
33	exercise	exercise	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
35	direct	direct	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	vital	vital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	conj	_	_
38	influence	influence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
39	over	over	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
41	fortunes	fortune	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
42	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	several	several	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
46	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	48	case	_	_
47	as	as	ADP	IN	_	46	fixed	_	_
48	Vasíli	Vasíli	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	44	nmod	_	_
49	Buslávich	Buslávich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	flat	_	_
50	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
51	Dobrýnya	Dobrýnya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	conj	_	_
52	Nikítich	Nikítich	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	51	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  | some two aspects |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **exercise** | present | the river gods | a direct influence |  | the fortunes of several others such Vasíli and Dobrýnya |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent influence=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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