---
title: In the Nóvgorod ballads there is a mention of Father Volkhov, much a… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: In the Nóvgorod ballads there is a mention of Father Volkhov, much as we speak of Father Thames, and there were very great possibilities of the development of a river mythology which did not succeed. Who acts: mention, we, great possibilities, river mythology. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 41, sentence 22

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In the Nóvgorod ballads there is a mention of Father Volkhov, much as we speak of Father Thames, and there were very great possibilities of the development of a river mythology which did not succeed.

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**Who acts:** mention, we, great possibilities, river mythology · **What happens:** be, speak, not succeed, mention, develop · **To what, where:** Nóvgorod ballads, Father, river mythology · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 41. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mention, we, great possibilities, river mythology), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:41:22
# text = In the Nóvgorod ballads there is a mention of Father Volkhov, much as we speak of Father Thames, and there were very great possibilities of the development of a river mythology which did not succeed.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	Nóvgorod	Nóvgorod	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	ballads	ballad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
5	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	6	expl	_	_
6	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	mention	mention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	Volkhov	Volkhov	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	much	much	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
14	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	Father	Father	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	Thames	Thames	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	23	expl	_	_
23	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	conj	_	_
24	very	very	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	possibilities	possibility	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	development	development	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	mythology	mythology	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	37	nsubj	_	_
35	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	37	aux	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	37	advmod	_	_
37	succeed	succeed	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a mention of Father |  |  | the Nóvgorod ballads; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ballad=Location |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | we |  |  |  |  | of Father Thames | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **be** | past | great possibilities of the development of a river mythology |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **succeed** | past · do-support | a river mythology |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **mention** |  |  | Father |  |  |  |  | nom mention «communication transitive»: of=patient |
| 6 | **develop** |  |  | a river mythology |  |  |  |  | nom development «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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