---
title: But the shepherd was taking his flock, and at dawn he sounded his tr… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But the shepherd was taking his flock, and at dawn he sounded his trumpet and went into the wood to look for a little lamb. Who acts: shepherd. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 5, sentence 135

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But the shepherd was taking his flock, and at dawn he sounded his trumpet and went into the wood to look for a little lamb.

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**Who acts:** shepherd · **What happens:** take, sound, go, look · **To what, where:** flock, trumpet, wood

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:5:137
# text = But the shepherd was taking his flock, and at dawn he sounded his trumpet and went into the wood to look for a little lamb.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	flock	flock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	trumpet	trumpet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
18	into	into	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	advcl	_	_
23	for	for	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past · progressive | the shepherd | shepherd's flock |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flock=Theme |
| 2 | **sound** | past | shepherd | shepherd's trumpet |  |  | dawn |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location trumpet=Theme |
| 3 | **go** | past | shepherd *not said here* |  |  | the wood |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into wood=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **look** | to-infinitive | shepherd *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for a little lamb | vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent for lamb=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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