---
title: The father clasped his hands, groaned as he recognised his unfortuna… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The father clasped his hands, groaned as he recognised his unfortunate daughter, saw her lying there slain, not knowing by whom she had been buried. Who acts: father, shepherd. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ever
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 4

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The father clasped his hands, groaned as he recognised his unfortunate daughter, saw her lying there slain, not knowing by whom she had been buried.

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**Who acts:** father, shepherd · **What happens:** clasp, groan, recognise, see, lie, not know · **To what, where:** hands, unfortunate daughter, shepherd, slain

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (father, shepherd), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:6:4
# text = The father clasped his hands, groaned as he recognised his unfortunate daughter, saw her lying there slain, not knowing by whom she had been buried.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	clasped	clasp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	groaned	groan	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	recognised	recognise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	unfortunate	unfortunate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	lying	lie	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	xcomp	_	_
18	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	17	advmod	_	_
19	slain	slain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	knowing	know	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	17	advcl	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	22	obl	_	_
25	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
27	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	buried	bury	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **clasp** | past | the father | father's hands |  |  |  |  | vn hold-15.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Theme |
| 2 | **groan** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **recognise** | past | father | father's unfortunate daughter |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer daughter=Stimulus |
| 4 | **see** | past | the father *not said here* | shepherd |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **lie** | gerund | shepherd *not said here* | slain |  | there |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location slain=Theme |
| 6 | **not** **know** | gerund | shepherd *not said here* |  |  |  |  | whom *obl* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 7 | **bury** | past · perfect · passive |  | shepherd |  |  |  |  | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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