---
title: He who bears in mind an ill bygone has lost his sight.” — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: He who bears in mind an ill bygone has lost his sight.” Who acts: imperial. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 44

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He who bears in mind an ill bygone has lost his sight.”

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**Who acts:** imperial · **What happens:** lose, sight · **To what, where:** imperial

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (imperial), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:6:44
# text = He who bears in mind an ill bygone has lost his sight.”
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
2	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
3	bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	bygone	bygone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	sight	sight	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present · perfect · passive |  | imperial |  |  |  | who *nsubj*; bears in mind *nsubj:pass*; a ill bygone *nsubj:pass*; imperial's sight *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sight** |  | imperial |  |  |  |  |  | nom sight «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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