---
title: The peasant explained that he had found him fifteen years ago in a c… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: The peasant explained that he had found him fifteen years ago in a corn-kiln, with strange and rich clothing on him; and by every sign he was the Tsar’s own son. Who acts: peasant. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of 
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 57

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The peasant explained that he had found him fifteen years ago in a corn-kiln, with strange and rich clothing on him; and by every sign he was the Tsar’s own son.

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**Who acts:** peasant · **What happens:** explain, find, be · **To what, where:** boy, corn kiln, own son · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (peasant), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:6:57
# text = The peasant explained that he had found him fifteen years ago in a corn-kiln, with strange and rich clothing on him; and by every sign he was the Tsar’s own son.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
8	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	fifteen	fifteen	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	kiln	kiln	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
19	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	rich	rich	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	conj	_	_
22	clothing	clothing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	29	det	_	_
29	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
30	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	36	nsubj	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	36	cop	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	Tsar	Tsar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	’s	's	PART	POS	_	33	case	_	_
35	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	amod	_	_
36	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	vocative	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past | the peasant |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **find** | past · perfect | peasant | boy |  | a corn kiln |  | with strange clothing on boy; ago *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** | past | peasant | the Tsar's own son |  |  |  | by every sign; the Tsar *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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