---
title: Again Vásya said, “The Nightingale sings that there are twelve ships… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Again Vásya said, “The Nightingale sings that there are twelve ships coming to meet us, all pirate ships, and they will take us prisoner.” Who acts: Vásya, Nightingale, twelve ships, ships. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragm
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 6, sentence 93

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Again Vásya said, “The Nightingale sings that there are twelve ships coming to meet us, all pirate ships, and they will take us prisoner.”

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**Who acts:** Vásya, Nightingale, twelve ships, ships · **What happens:** say, sing, be, come, meet, take · **To what, where:** us · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Vásya, Nightingale, twelve ships, ships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:6:93
# text = Again Vásya said, “The Nightingale sings that there are twelve ships coming to meet us, all pirate ships, and they will take us prisoner.”
1	Again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	Vásya	Vásya	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Nightingale	Nightingale	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	sings	sing	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	11	expl	_	_
11	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	ccomp	_	_
12	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
14	coming	come	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	meet	meet	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
20	pirate	pirate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	ships	ship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
25	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
27	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	obj	_	_
28	prisoner	prisoner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Vásya |  |  |  | again |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* *in a quote* | present | the Nightingale |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **does** *in a quote* | present | twelve ships and all pirate ships |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **come** *in a quote* | gerund | twelve ships and all pirate ships *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **meet** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | twelve ships and all pirate ships *not said here* | us |  |  |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Co-Agent |
| 6 | **take** *in a quote* | future | ships *= ship* | us |  |  |  | prisoner *obj* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument we=Theme prisoner=Destination |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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