---
title: Next morning the old man heard neighing outside his door, and wonder… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: Next morning the old man heard neighing outside his door, and wondered what the noise was, and there was his son Zamorýshek with the entire drove. Who acts: old man, noise, son. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 7, sentence 38

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Next morning the old man heard neighing outside his door, and wondered what the noise was, and there was his son Zamorýshek with the entire drove.

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**Who acts:** old man, noise, son · **What happens:** hear, neigh, wonder, be, drive

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (old man, noise, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:7:38
# text = Next morning the old man heard neighing outside his door, and wondered what the noise was, and there was his son Zamorýshek with the entire drove.
1	Next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	neighing	neigh	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	outside	outside	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	door	door	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	wondered	wonder	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	obj	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	21	expl	_	_
21	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
24	Zamorýshek	Zamorýshek	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	appos	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	entire	entire	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	obl	_	_
28	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | the old man |  |  |  | morning |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **neigh** | gerund | the old man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | outside horse's door | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **wonder** *speech: ask* | past | the old man *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is a** | past | the noise |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** | past | horse's son |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **drive** | past | the old man *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with the entire | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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