---
title: But the younger brother, who had turned to the left, heard that ther… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics
description: But the younger brother, who had turned to the left, heard that there was a fair princess in a certain kingdom who was indescribably lovely. Who acts: younger brother, fair princess, certain kingdom. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8, with its dependency tree and
---

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# Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 1

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But the younger brother, who had turned to the left, heard that there was a fair princess in a certain kingdom who was indescribably lovely.

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**Who acts:** younger brother, fair princess, certain kingdom · **What happens:** turn, hear, be · **To what, where:** left · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (younger brother, fair princess, certain kingdom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg62509:8:1
# text = But the younger brother, who had turned to the left, heard that there was a fair princess in a certain kingdom who was indescribably lovely.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	left	left	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	16	mark	_	_
15	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	16	expl	_	_
16	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
24	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	27	nsubj	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	cop	_	_
26	indescribably	indescribably	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	lovely	lovely	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn** | past · perfect | the younger brother |  |  | the left |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to left=Trajectory |
| 2 | **hear** | past | the younger brother |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **be** | past | a fair princess in a certain kingdom |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | past | a certain kingdom |  |  |  |  | indescribably, lovely *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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