--- title: Many years passed by, and much water flowed in the river, and one da… — Russian Folk-Tales · tree and pragmatics description: Many years passed by, and much water flowed in the river, and one day Mark the Rich went out with those huntsmen, saw the young boy, heard his story, and spoke about him, and knew it was the same he had cast forth. Who acts: Many years, Mark, water. A sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/115/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Russian Folk-Tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/) / [Opening, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/) / 115 # Russian Folk-Tales, Opening, part 8, sentence 115 Many years passed by, and much water flowed in the river, and one day Mark the Rich went out with those huntsmen, saw the young boy, heard his story, and spoke about him, and knew it was the same he had cast forth. **Who acts:** Many years, Mark, water · **What happens:** pass by, flow, go out, see, hear, speak · **To what, where:** much water, river, young boy, story · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many years, Mark, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg62509:8:115 # text = Many years passed by, and much water flowed in the river, and one day Mark the Rich went out with those huntsmen, saw the young boy, heard his story, and spoke about him, and knew it was the same he had cast forth. 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 passed pass VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 4 by by ADP IN _ 3 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 5 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 7 much much ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 flowed flow VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 river river NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 13 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 15 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 16 nummod _ _ 16 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl:unmarked _ _ 17 Mark Mark PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 Rich Rich PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 flat _ _ 20 went go VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 21 out out ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 22 with with ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 those that DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 24 det _ _ 24 huntsmen huntsman NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 25 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 conj _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 boy boy NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 heard hear VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 conj _ _ 32 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 story story NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 34 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 36 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 parataxis _ _ 37 about about ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 36 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 42 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 45 nsubj _ _ 43 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 cop _ _ 44 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 41 ccomp _ _ 46 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 47 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 48 cast cast VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 41 ccomp _ _ 49 forth forth ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 50 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **pass by** | participle | Many years | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **flow** | participle · passive | | much water | | the river | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 3 | **go out** | past | Mark | | | | day | with that huntsmen; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with huntsman=Co-Agent | | 4 | **see** | past | Mark *not said here* | the young boy | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer boy=Stimulus | | 5 | **hear** | past | Mark *not said here* | boy's story | | | | | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer story=Stimulus | | 6 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | | | | | | about boy | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about he=Topic | | 7 | **know** | past | Many years *not said here* | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 8 | **is** | past | water | | | | | same *property* | tree rules | | 9 | **cast** | past · perfect | MARK | | | | | forth *property* | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Russian Folk-Tales» by A. N. Afanas'ev, Project Gutenberg book 62509 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 114](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/114/) - next →: [sentence 116](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/116/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg62509/8/)